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Biphenylene: A Versatile Compound with Multiple Applications

Biphenylene is a type of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that consists of two benzene rings linked together by a carbon-carbon double bond. It is a yellow solid with a melting point of 180-185°C and a boiling point of 320-330°C. Biphenylene is used as a starting material for the synthesis of other chemicals, such as dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Biphenylene is also known as biphenyl or diphenyl. It has a molecular formula of C12H10 and a molecular weight of 174.2 g/mol.

Biphenylene can be synthesized by various methods, including the following:

1. From benzene and acetylene: Biphenylene can be synthesized by the reaction of benzene and acetylene in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride.
2. From toluene and benzaldehyde: Biphenylene can also be synthesized by the reaction of toluene and benzaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid.
3. From cumene and formaldehyde: Biphenylene can also be synthesized by the reaction of cumene and formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide.

Biphenylene is a versatile compound that has many applications in various industries, including the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. It is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and as a component of some lubricants and fuels.

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