The Attalid Dynasty: A Hellenistic Kingdom in Ancient Turkey

Attalid dynasty was a dynasty of kings who ruled Pergamon, a city in modern-day Turkey, from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century AD. The Attalids were a branch of the Greek royal family of the Hellenistic period and their rule marked the peak of Pergamon's power and influence.

The Attalid dynasty was founded by Eumenes I, who became king of Pergamon in 241 BC after the death of his brother, the previous king. Eumenes I expanded the kingdom through military campaigns and diplomacy, and his successors continued to consolidate and expand the kingdom. The Attalids were known for their patronage of the arts and culture, and they built many temples, theaters, and other public buildings in Pergamon.

One of the most famous Attalid kings was Eumenes II, who ruled from 197 BC to 159 BC. He was a skilled diplomat and strategist who expanded the kingdom's borders and strengthened its economy. He also founded the city of Ephesus and built many public buildings and temples.

The Attalid dynasty came to an end in 133 BC when the last king, Attalus III, died without an heir. The kingdom was then annexed by the Roman Empire, which had been expanding its territories in the region for several decades. Despite the fall of the Attalid dynasty, Pergamon continued to be an important center of culture and learning, and its legacy can still be seen in the many ruins and artifacts that have survived from that time period.