Understanding Angiogeny: The Formation of New Blood Vessels

Angiogeny is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This process involves the sprouting of new capillaries from existing ones, and it plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair. Angiogeny can also be involved in pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis.

There are several factors that can stimulate angiogeny, including:

1. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): This protein is produced by cells and promotes the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, which line blood vessels.
2. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): This protein is produced by platelets and stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
3. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF): This protein is produced by a variety of cell types and stimulates the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
4. Angiogenic factors: These are proteins that promote the formation of new blood vessels, such as VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and VEGF-C.

Inhibition of angiogeny can be achieved through several mechanisms, including:

1. Anti-angiogenic drugs: These drugs target specific proteins involved in angiogeny, such as VEGF, and prevent the formation of new blood vessels. Examples include bevacizumab (Avastin) and ranibizumab (Lucentis).
2. Anti-inflammatory therapy: Inflammation can promote angiogeny, so reducing inflammation can help to inhibit angiogeny.
3. Targeted therapy: Some cancer therapies target specific molecules involved in angiogeny, such as VEGF receptors.
4. Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgery may be used to remove or block the source of angiogenic factors, such as a tumor.

Overall, understanding the mechanisms of angiogeny is important for developing effective treatments for a variety of diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disorders.