Understanding Evil-Favoredness in Buddhism

Evil-favoredness (Sanskrit: pratigha) is a term used in Buddhism to describe a type of negative mental state or tendency that can lead to harmful actions and suffering. It is often translated as "malice" or "ill will," but it can also be understood as a kind of bias or prejudice that causes us to view others in a negative light.

In Buddhist teachings, evil-favoredness is considered one of the ten non-virtuous actions (Sanskrit: akusalakarma) that can lead to suffering and rebirth in lower realms. It is seen as a form of hatred or ill will towards oneself or others, and it can manifest in various ways, such as anger, resentment, jealousy, or malice.

Evil-favoredness is considered a negative mental state because it can lead to harmful actions, such as harming others or ourselves, and it can also create a sense of separation and division between us and others. In contrast, virtuous actions (Sanskrit: shukla-karmas) are those that promote the well-being of oneself and others, and they are based on qualities such as compassion, kindness, and understanding.

In Buddhist practice, the cultivation of virtuous actions and the elimination of negative mental states like evil-favoredness are seen as essential for achieving happiness, peace, and liberation from suffering. This can involve developing mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom, as well as practicing ethical conduct and cultivating positive qualities such as loving-kindness and compassion.