The Gamodeme: A Medieval Demon of Marital Discord

Gamodeme (from Greek: γαμοδεμή, lit. 'marriage-demon') is a term used in medieval and Byzantine literature to describe a demon or evil spirit that is believed to be responsible for causing marital discord and divorce. The concept of the gamodeme is found in various texts from the Middle Ages, including the works of the Byzantine physician and writer Ioannis Phrantzes.

In these texts, the gamodeme is often depicted as a female demon who seeks to destroy the bond between husband and wife by sowing discord and tempting them with adultery. The gamodeme is said to be particularly active during the early years of marriage, when tensions and conflicts are most likely to arise.

The idea of the gamodeme reflects the patriarchal societal norms of medieval Byzantium, where marriage was seen as a union between two families rather than between two individuals. In this context, the demon's goal of causing marital discord can be seen as an attempt to undermine the social order and stability of the family.

While the concept of the gamodeme is no longer a part of modern popular culture or belief systems, it provides an interesting insight into the superstitions and beliefs of medieval society and highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context in which these texts were written.