Understanding Microcardia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Microcardia is a rare congenital heart defect that occurs when the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, does not develop properly. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including difficulty breathing, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and feet.

In microcardia, the mitral valve is smaller than normal and may be misshapen or partially closed, which can disrupt blood flow through the heart. This can lead to reduced blood flow to the body's tissues and organs, including the brain, liver, and kidneys. In severe cases, microcardia can lead to heart failure and other complications.

Microcardia is usually diagnosed during infancy or early childhood, although it can sometimes be detected before birth using fetal echocardiography. Treatment for microcardia typically involves surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve, and may involve other procedures such as implanting a pacemaker or performing a heart catheterization. With appropriate treatment, many people with microcardia can lead normal, active lives.