What is a Railway and Its Purpose?
A railway is a system of transportation that uses tracks and trains to move people and goods. It typically consists of a network of rails, stations and other infrastructure designed to allow trains to move safely and efficiently. Railways are an important mode of transportation in many parts of the world, providing a vital link between cities, towns and industries. They are also used for freight transport, carrying goods such as coal, grain, and manufactured goods over long distances.
Question 2. What is the purpose of railway ?
Ans. The purpose of railway is to provide safe and efficient transportation of people and goods over long distances. Railways serve several purposes, including:
1. Passenger transport : Railways are used to move large numbers of people between cities, towns and other destinations.
2. Freight transport : Railways are used to transport goods such as coal, grain, and manufactured goods over long distances.
3. Economic development : Railways can play a key role in the economic development of a region by providing access to markets, resources and employment opportunities.
4. Social benefits : Railways can have social benefits such as reducing traffic congestion and pollution, improving connectivity and promoting tourism.
Question 3. What are the different types of railway ?
Ans. There are several types of railways, including:
1. Broad gauge railway : A broad gauge railway has a track width of 5 feet 6 inches (1,676 mm). This is the most common type of railway in India and other countries.
2. Narrow gauge railway : A narrow gauge railway has a track width of less than 4 feet (1,219 mm). This type of railway is used in hilly or mountainous terrain where it is difficult to build wider gauge railways.
3. Standard gauge railway : A standard gauge railway has a track width of 4 feet 8.5 inches (1,435 mm). This is the most common type of railway in Europe and other parts of the world.
4. Monorail railway : A monorail railway has a single rail and is used for short distance transportation in urban areas.
5. Maglev railway : A maglev railway uses magnetic levitation to move trains without touching the tracks. This type of railway is still in the experimental stage and is not widely used.
Question 4. What are the advantages of railway ?
Ans. Railways have several advantages, including:
1. Cost-effective : Railways are often cheaper than other modes of transportation such as road or air.
2. Energy efficient : Railways are more energy efficient than other modes of transportation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts.
3. Safety : Railways are generally safer than other modes of transportation, with a lower accident rate per passenger mile.
4. Capacity : Railways can carry large numbers of passengers and freight, reducing congestion on roads and highways.
5. Flexibility : Railways can be used for both passenger and freight transport, and can be easily adapted to changing transportation needs.
Question 5. What are the disadvantages of railway ?
Ans. Railways also have some disadvantages, including:
1. Limited accessibility : Railways may not be available in all areas, particularly in rural or remote locations.
2. Inflexible route : Railways have a fixed route and cannot be easily rerouted or diverted.
3. High capital costs : Building new railways can be expensive, requiring significant investment in infrastructure and equipment.
4. Dependence on electricity : Railways rely on electricity to power trains, which can be a disadvantage in areas with frequent power outages.
5. Limited carrying capacity : While railways can carry large quantities of goods, they may not be suitable for transporting heavy or oversized loads.
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