Understanding Macromolecules: Types and Functions

Give examples.
Ans: A macromolecule is a large molecule composed of many repeating units, typically consisting of thousands of atoms or more. Macromolecules are found in all living organisms and play crucial roles in various biological processes. Examples of macromolecules include:

1. Proteins: These are complex macromolecules made up of amino acids that perform a wide range of functions in the body, such as enzymes, hormones, and structural components.
2. Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are macromolecules that contain the genetic information necessary for the development and function of all living organisms.
3. Carbohydrates: These are macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that serve as energy sources and play important roles in cellular metabolism. Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
4. Lipids: These are macromolecules composed of fatty acids and their derivatives that are important for energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling. Examples include triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
5. Polysaccharides: These are macromolecules made up of many sugar molecules linked together, found in plant cell walls and other biological materials. Examples include cellulose, chitin, and glycogen.