Understanding Blastoma: A Rare and Aggressive Form of Cancer in Children
Blastoma is a type of cancer that originates in immature cells, called blastomeres, which are found in the embryo or fetus. Blastomas are rare and typically occur in children under the age of 5. They can arise in various parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, bones, and organs.
Blastoma is a malignant tumor that grows rapidly and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It can be difficult to treat because it often resists conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The prognosis for blastoma is generally poor, and the disease has a high recurrence rate after treatment.
There are several subtypes of blastoma, including:
1. Neuroblastoma: This type of blastoma arises in the nerve tissue and is most common in children under the age of 5. It can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
2. Wilms' tumor: This type of blastoma arises in the kidneys and is most common in children under the age of 5. It can be slow-growing or aggressive, and may spread to other parts of the body.
3. Rhabdomyosarcoma: This type of blastoma arises in the muscles and is most common in children under the age of 5. It can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
4. Ewing's sarcoma: This type of blastoma arises in the bones and is most common in children and young adults. It can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
The symptoms of blastoma vary depending on the location of the tumor, but may include:
1. Lumps or swelling in the affected area
2. Pain or discomfort in the affected area
3. Fever
4. Fatigue
5. Weight loss
6. Abdominal distension
7. Constipation
8. Vomiting
9. Diarrhea
10. Increased thirst and urination
The diagnosis of blastoma is based on a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI scans, and biopsy. Treatment options for blastoma depend on the location and stage of the disease, but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. The prognosis for blastoma is generally poor, and the disease has a high recurrence rate after treatment. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, some children with blastoma can achieve long-term survival.
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