The Fascinating World of Cleistogenous Plants: Protection and Reproduction in a Unique Way

Cleistogenous plants are those that produce flowers and fruits within the involucre, which is a cup-like structure formed by the modified leaves or bracts that surround the base of the inflorescence. The term "cleistogenous" comes from the Greek words "kleistos," meaning "closed," and "genos," meaning "bearing." These plants have evolved this unique reproductive strategy to protect their flowers and fruits from herbivores and other predators, as well as to ensure proper pollination and seed dispersal.

Examples of cleistogenous plants include the daisy-like composites (Asteraceae), such as sunflowers and daisies, as well as certain species of orchids and succulents. In these plants, the involucre serves as a protective covering that keeps the delicate flowers and fruits hidden from view until they are ready to be exposed to the outside world. When the flowers and fruits are mature, the involucre opens or splits open to reveal them, often with colorful petals or sepals that attract pollinators.